publications

2025

1. NeurIPS 2025

   SEC-bench: Automated Benchmarking of LLM Agents on Real-World Software Security Tasks

   Hwiwon Lee, Ziqi Zhang, Hanxiao Lu, and 1 more author

   In Proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS’25), 2025

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   Rigorous security-focused evaluation of large language model (LLM) agents is imperative for establishing trust in their safe deployment throughout the software development lifecycle. However, existing benchmarks largely rely on synthetic challenges or simplified vulnerability datasets that fail to capture the complexity and ambiguity encountered by security engineers in practice. We introduce SEC-bench, the first fully automated benchmarking framework for evaluating LLM agents on authentic security engineering tasks. SEC-bench employs a novel multi-agent scaffold that automatically constructs code repositories with harnesses, reproduces vulnerabilities in isolated environments, and generates gold patches for reliable evaluation. Our framework automatically creates high-quality software vulnerability datasets with reproducible artifacts at a cost of only $0.87 per instance. Using SEC-bench, we implement two critical software security tasks to rigorously evaluate LLM agents’ capabilities: proof-of-concept (PoC) generation and vulnerability patching. A comprehensive evaluation of state-of-the-art LLM code agents reveals significant performance gaps, achieving at most 18.0% success in PoC generation and 34.0% in vulnerability patching on our complete dataset. These results highlight the crucial steps needed toward developing LLM agents that are more practical, intelligent, and autonomous for security engineering.

2024

1. IEEE S&P 2024

   BENZENE: A Practical Root Cause Analysis System with an Under-Constrained State Mutation Distinguished Paper

   Younggi Park, Hwiwon Lee, Jinho Jung, and 2 more authors

   In 45th IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (Oakland’24), 2024

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   Fuzzing has demonstrated great success in bug discovery, and plays a crucial role in software testing today. Despite the increasing popularity of fuzzing, automated root cause analysis (RCA) has drawn less attention. One of the recent advances in RCA is crash-based statistical debugging, which leverages the behavioral differences in program execution between crash-triggered and non-crashing inputs. Hence, obtaining non-crashing behaviors close to the original crash is crucial but challenging with previous approaches (e.g., fuzzing). In this paper, we present BENZENE, a practical end-to-end RCA system that facilitates a fully automated crash diagnosis. To this end, we introduce a novel technique, called underconstrained state mutation, that generates both crashing and non-crashing behaviors for effective and efficient RCA. We design and implement the BENZENE prototype, and evaluate it with 60 vulnerabilities in the wild. Our empirical results demonstrate that BENZENE not only surpasses in performance (i.e., root cause ranking), but also achieves superior results in both speed (4.6 times faster) and memory footprint (31.4 times less) on average than prior approaches.